Y-box-binding protein 1 mediates sorafenib resistance via the extracellular signal regulated-protein kinase pathway in hepatoma cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) on sorafenib resistance in hepatoma cells. Methods: Lentiviral vectors with YB-1 overexpression and knockdown were constructed, respectively, to stimulate human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) alone or in combination with sorafenib.The overexpression part of the experiment was divided into four groups: overexpression control group (Lv-NC), YB-1 overexpression group (Lv-YB-1), overexpression control combined with sorafenib resistance group (Lv-NC+sorafenib), YB-1 overexpression combined with sorafenib resistance group (Lv-YB-1 + sorafenib). The knockdown part of the experiment was also divided into four groups: knockdown control group (Lv-shNC), YB-1 knockdown group (Lv-shYB-1), knockdown control combined with sorafenib resistance group (Lv-shNC + sorafenib), YB-1 knockdown combined with sorafenib resistance group (Lv-shYB-1 + sorafenib). The occurrence of cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-ERK and ERK, key proteins in the extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, were detected by Western blot and quantified by ImageJ software. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments were performed in nude mice. The effect of YB-1 on the efficacy of sorafenib was verified in vivo. The comparison between the two sets of data was carried out by an independent sample t-test. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between the three groups of data above. Results: Sorafenib had accelerated the occurrence of apoptosis in hepatoma cells, while YB-1 overexpression had inhibited cell apoptosis, and at the same time also inhibited the apoptosis-accelerating impact of sorafenib. On the contrary, YB-1 knockdown accelerated cell apoptosis and amplified the induction effect of sorafenib on apoptosis. Furthermore, sorafenib resistance had down-regulated p-ERK levels (HepG2: Lv-NC 0.685 ± 0.143, Lv-NC + sorafenib 0.315 ± 0.168, P < 0.05; Huh7: Lv-NC 0.576 ± 0.078, Lv-NC + sorafenib 0.150 ± 0.131, P < 0.01), whereas YB-1 overexpression had inhibited sorafenib resistance p-ERK reduction (HepG2: Lv-NC + sorafenib 0.315 ± 0.168, Lv-YB-1 + sorafenib 0.688 ± 0.042, P < 0.05; Huh7: Lv-NC + sorafenib 0.150 ± 0.131, Lv-YB-1 + sorafenib 0.553 ± 0.041, P < 0.05). YB-1 knockdown further increased sorafenib-induced p-ERK downregulation (HepG2: Lv-shNC + sorafenib 0.911 ± 0.252, Lv-shYB-1 + sorafenib 0.500 ± 0.201, P < 0.05; Huh7: Lv-shNC + sorafenib 0.577 ± 0.082, Lv-shYB-1 + sorafenib 0.350 ± 0.143, P < 0.05), which was further verified in naked mice (Lv-shNC + sorafenib 0.812 ± 0.279, Lv-shYB-1 + sorafenib 0.352 ± 0.109, P < 0.05). Conclusion: YB-1 mediates the occurrence of sorafenib resistance via the ERK signaling pathway in hepatoma cells.

Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap in repair of digit defect with proper palmar digital artery / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the surgical procedure and clinical effect of the free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap for repairing the digit injury with defect of proper palmar digital artery.Methods:From June, 2015 to December, 2019, free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap was used to repair the digit injury and to bridge the proper digital artery in 7 digits of 7 patients. There were 2 thumbs, 3 index fingers and 2 middle fingers. The size of defects on digits ranged from 2.5 cm×3.0 cm to 5.0 cm×7.0 cm. The defects of digit proper artery were 1.0 to 3.0 cm. The size of flaps was from 3.0 cm×3.5 cm to 5.5 cm×8.0 cm. The donor areas of the flap were directly sutured or covered with skin graft. Postoperative supportive treatments were given, such as infection prevention, antispasmodic, anticoagulant, analgesia and fluid infusion. The patients were kept in bed for 1 week after surgery. Monthly follow-up review were conducted and the patients were kept with the rehabilitation exercises under medical guidance.Results:All the patients entered postoperative followed-up for 6 to 18 months, with an average of 8 months. All flaps survived without any adverse event. All wounds achieved stage-one-healing. The flaps appeared in good colour, texture, elasticity and the plumps of the digit without obvious bloating. There was no obvious swelling and atrophy of the digits. The skin temperature was normal. According to the Standard for Evaluation of Upper Limb Function by the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, 3 digits were excellent and 4 were good. There was no obvious scar at the donor site of shank. The donor site had a good appearance and the limb function was not affected.Conclusion:The free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap is an ideal material to repair the defect of digit with the defect of proper digital artery. It has the advantages of simple surgical procedure, reliable blood supply and satisfactory appearance. The defect of proper digit artery can be repaired at the same time of the surgical procedure. The blood supply, appearance and function of the digits could be well recovered and the donor site is not affected.

Flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata for repairing dorsal wounds of the hand and foot with extensor tendon defects / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata for repairing dorsal wounds of the hand and foot with extensor tendon defects.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical date of 14 patients with hand and foot wounds associated with extensor tendon defects admitted to Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to December 2019. There were 13 males and 1 female，aged 10-57 years［（39.2±13.4）years］. The wounds were all single with the area of 10 cm×4 cm to 23 cm×12 cm，including 8 wounds on the back of the hand and 6 wounds on the back of the foot. There was 1 patient accompanied with 1 tendon defect，10 with 4 tendon defects and 3 with 5 tendon defects，with the length of tendon defects ranging from 2.0 to 6.0 cm［（3.8±1.4）cm］. The dimension of flaps ranged from 12 cm×5 cm to 23 cm×13 cm，with the fascia lata from 11 cm×5 cm to 20 cm×7 cm. The deficient extensor tendons were repaired with the fascia lata and vascular pedicles were anastomosed by flow-though. A bilobed flap was harvested in 3 patients and a single flap in 11 patients. Donor sites were sutured directly. The survival of the flap and healing of the donor area were detected after operation. The extremity revascularization and shape and sensation recovery of the flap were measured at the last follow-up. The upper extremity functional evaluation standard set up by Hand Surgery Society of the Chinese Medical Association and Maryland foot functional score were used to evaluate the hand and foot function before operation and at the cast follow-up，respectively. The donor site complications and performance of tendon release or flap thinning in the second stage were recorded.Results:All patients were followed up for 8-30 months［（15.3±6.2）months］. All flaps survived successfully，with wounds and thigh donor areas healed by first intension. No significant effect of revascularization was observed on recipient sites，and acceptable cosmetic outcomes and sensation recovery of the flap were achieved at the final follow-up. For patients with dorsal wounds of the hand，the extensor function recovered in different degrees，and the flexion activities of the fingers were not limited. The total active movement was 180°-250°［（226.3±21.7）°］at the last follow-up，compared to preoperative 110°-170°［（145.6±13.2）°］（ P<0.01）. According to the upper extremity functional evaluation standard，the function was excellent in 4 patients，good in 2 and fair in 2. For patients with wounds of the foot，the flexion and extension function was good，with no obvious deformity of toes，and the Maryland foot functional score ranged from 60 to 92 points［（76.0±12.7）points］at the last follow-up，significantly improved from preoperative 18-45 points［（27.4±7.8）points］（ P<0.01），including excellent results in 2 patients，good in 3 and fair in 1. Only linear scars were left in the thigh donor area，and there was no discomfort such as scar contracture or pain. Four patients underwent skin flap thinning at 4-8 months after operation and none underwent a tenolysis. Conclusion:Repair of dorsal wounds with extensor tendon defects of the hand and foot by flow-through anterolateral thigh perforator flap with fascia lata can reduce interference to recipient sites and repair wounds and extensor tendons simultaneously，which can obtain good flexion and extension function and minor damage to the donor area.

Characterization of inthomycin biosynthetic gene cluster revealing new insights into carboxamide formation / 中国天然药物

Inthomycins are polyketide antibiotics which contain a terminal carboxamide group and a triene chain. Inthomycin B (1) and its two new analogues 2 and 3 were isolated from the crude extract of Streptomyces pactum L8. Identification of the gene cluster for inthomycin biosynthesis as well as the N-labeled glycine incorporation into inthomycins are described. Combined with the gene deletion of the rare P450 domain in the NRPS module, a formation mechanism of carboxamide moiety in inthomycins was proposed via an oxidative release of the assembly chain assisted by the P450 domain.

Cangumycins A-F, six new angucyclinone analogues with immunosuppressive activity from Streptomyces / 中国天然药物

Cangumycins A-F (1-6), six new angucyclinone analogues, together with two known ones (7 and 8), were isolated from the fermentation broth of a soil-derived Streptomyces sp. KIB-M10. Structures of these compounds were elucidated via a joint use of spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. Among them, cangumycins E (5) and F (6) share a C-ring cleaved backbone, and cangumycins B (2) and E (5) exhibit potent immunosuppressive activity (IC 8.1 and 2.7 μmol·L, respectively) against human T cell proliferation at a non-cytotoxic concentration.

Free anterolateral thigh flaps with fascia lata for repair of dorsal tendon and soft tissue defect of ophisthenar / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To explore the surgical technique and clinical effects of free anterolateral thigh flaps with fascia lata for repair of dorsal tendon and soft tissue defect of ophisthenar.Methods From February,2014 to July,2016,dorsal tendon and soft tissue defect of ophisthenar in 13 cases was repaired by free anterolateral thigh flaps with fascia lata.The area of soft tissue defect was 5.0 cm×6.0 cm-9.0 cm×12.0 cm.Extensor tendon defect and bone exposure occurred in all cases.The area of flap was 6.0 cm×7.0 cm-10.0 cm×13.0 cm,while the area of anterolateral thigh flap was 3.0 cm×4.0 cm-6.0 cm×8.0 cm.The regular post-operatively followed-up was performed.Results All flaps survived.The donor sites healed well without skin graft.The followed-up time was 6-36 months with the average of 13 months.The appearance of the flap was good.The color and texture of flaps was similar to the dorsal skin of ophisthenar.Three female patients who were not satisfied with the flap appearance received the revision and the results were satisfactory.The activity of finger flexion and extension was satisfactory.All patients walked well without difficulty.According to the Upper Extremity Functional Evaluation Standard set up by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association,the function recovery result was excellent in 8 cases,good in 4 cases,and poor in 1 case.Conclusion It is a good method to use the free anterolateral thigh flaps with fascia lata to repair of dorsal tendon and soft tissue defect of ophisthenar.

Multiple free homologous superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps of crus for repair of multiple hand wounds / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To explore the effects of multiple free homologous superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps of crus for repair of multiple hand wounds.@*Methods@#From November 2017 to December 2018, eight cases with eighteen hand wounds were hospitalized in our unit. Among them, wounds were distributed in the forefinger and middle finger in four cases, wounds were distributed in the middle finger and ring finger in two cases, wounds were distributed in the forefinger, middle finger, and ring finger in one case, and wounds were distributed in the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger in one case. The area of skin defect ranged from 1.5 cm×0.8 cm to 4.0 cm×3.0 cm. There were 4 males and 4 females, aged 34-62 years. Wounds of six cases were repaired by two free superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps from homolateral crus, and those of two cases were repaired by three free superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps from homolateral crus. Superficial peroneal artery and its accompanying vein of flap were anastomosed by end to end with digital artery and palmar or dorsal subcutaneous vein of recipient site during the operation. The area of flap ranged from 2.5 cm×1.2 cm to 5.0 cm×4.0 cm. No nerve was harvested during the operation, and donor site was sutured directly. The survival of the flaps and the healing of donor sites were recorded. During follow-up, the recovery of donor and recipient sites was observed.@*Results@#All flaps survived well, donor site healed well. No vascular crisis occurred. Follow-up for 4 to 12 months showed that the appearance of flap was satisfactory with good color, texture, elasticity, and function. Protective sensation of recipient site was recovered. Five months after operation, flap of finger pulp in one case was swollen slightly with two-points discrimination of 10 mm, which received the thinning surgery. Obvious scar formation was not observed in donor site of crus. The appearance of the donor site was good without functional damage.@*Conclusions@#The application of multiple free homologous superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps of crus to repair the multiple hand wounds has advantages of easy acquisition, easy operation, little effect on donor sites, and satisfactory clinical effects.

Application of D2-40/CD34-CK cocktail antibodies for colorectal cancer with insufficient lymph node harvest / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the value of application of D2-40/CD34-CK cocktail antibodies by double immunohistochemical staining for assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and to determine its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer with insufficient lymph node harvest. Methods Specimens from 133 cases of colorectal cancer with less than 12 lymph nodes were selected. HE staining and double immunohistochemical staining of the cocktail antibodies were performed to compare the difference of the two methods in screening for LVI. The The relationship between LVI confirmed by cocktail antibody immunohistochemical staining and clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients was analyzed. Results (1) The detection rates of cocktail antibody double immunohistochemical staining and HE staining for LVI were 42.9％ (57/133) and 21.8％ (29/133) with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). (2) The presence of LVI confirmed by double staining was significantly associated with Dukes staging, depth of invasion, clinical stages, lymph node metastasis and tumor budding (P < 0.05). (3) The presence of LVI, the location and extent of LVI, and the number of tumor cells in thrombus ≥5.5 for cases with LVI ≤2 clusters, were significantly associated with OS (P < 0.05). Conclusion D2-40/CD34-CK cocktail antibodies double staining is superior to routine HE staining in assessing LVI. LVI is intimately associated with tumor stage, lymph nodes metastasis and tumor budding, and it is an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. It should be a supplementary examination for these patients with insufficient lymph node harvest.

Regulatory effects and mechanism of aconitine on proliferation,invasion and migration of hepatoma carcinoma cell MHCC97 / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the anticancer activity and mechanism of aconitine on cell proliferation,invasion and migration of hepatoma carcinoma cell(HCC).Methods:The effect of aconitine at different concentrations on proliferation was calculated by MTT assay.The effects of aconitine on invasion and migration of HCC were measured by Transwell and wound healing assay.Western blot was employed to detect the protein levels of P38MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins.Results:The concentrations of 5,10,20 μg/ml were selected according to the results of pre-experiment.Aconitine(10,20 μg/ml) inhibits proliferation and invasion of MHCC97 cells markedly after cells were treated with aconitine for 4 days.Treatment with aconitine down-regulated the ability of migration and decreased the ratio of p-P38/P38 and protein levels of p-MAPKAPK and p-HSP27.Conclusion:Aconitine inhibits prolif-eration,invasion and migration,and the mechanism may related with P38MAPK signaling pathway.

Role of MAPK signaling pathway in osteopontin-mediated ossification of the ligamentum flavum / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is an important signal transduction system.Our precious animal experiments have shown that osteopontin can mediate the ossification of the ligamentum flavum.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of MAPK signaling pathway in osteopontin-induced ossification of the ligamentum flavum.METHODS:The ligamentum flavum specimens obtained from 16 cases undergoing thoracic/lumbar posterior decompression surgery were divided into ossification and non-ossification groups (n=8 per group).The expression of osteopontin and its receptors CD44 and integrin was observed by immunohistochemical staining.The activation of phosphorylation in MAPK signaling pathway was detected by western blot assay.The MAPK signaling pathway was blocked by SB203580 or U0126 blocker alone to observe the induction of osteopontin.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Osteopontin and its receptor CD44 were expressed in the ossification group,but not in the non-ossififcation group.However,the expression of integrin was not detected in the ossification group.The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the ligamentum flavum were significnatly increased under the induction of osteopontin (P ＜ 0.05),and osteopontin could activate the phosphorylation of P38 and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway (P ＜ 0.05),but the phosphorylation of JNK was not obvious.p38 phosphorylation blocked with SB203580 blocker could significantly inhibit the osteopontin-induced osteoblast differentiation of ligament flavum cells (P ＜ 0.05),while U0126 blocker had no obvious effect.These results indicate that p38 in MAPK signaling pathway is a key molecule in osteopontin-mediated ossification of the ligamentum flavum.

Therapeutic Observation of Moxibustion plus Tuina for Early-stage Diabetic Foot / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion plus tuina in treating early-stage diabetic foot. Method Seventy patients with early-stage diabetic foot were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 35 cases each. The control group was intervened by conventional medication, while the treatment group was additionally intervened by moxibustion plus tuina. After 2 treatment courses, the changes of ankle bronchial index (ABI) in the two groups were observed, and the clinical efficacies were compared. Result Patients in the treatment group showed significant improvement in symptoms, and the total effective rate was 96.9%. The total effective rate was 75.8% in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion plus tuina is safe and effective in treating diabetic foot. With significant Chinese medicine feature and acceptable to patients, this method is a good choice in treating early-stage diabetic foot.

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined Electrical Stimulation on Coanitive Function of Patients Receiving Extracerebral Intervention / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine combined electrical stimulation on cognitive function of neurosurgical diseases patients treated by extracerebral intervention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 122 patients with neurosurgical diseases who underwent selective intervention were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group, 61 cases in each group. Patients in the control group recieved anesthesia by dexmedetomidine. Those in the observation group received electrical stimulation at Baihui (DU20), Yintang ( EX-HN3), and Neiguan (PC6) before dexmedetomidine anesthesia. The cognitive function of patients at preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 1 was respectively evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE). Serum NSE, S-100β, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were detected in the two groups before intervention and immediately after intervention using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MMSE scores of two groups were significantly reduced at post-intervention day 1, as compared with one day before intervention. MMSE score of the observation group at post-intervention day 1 was (23.15 ± 1.87) points, significantly higher than that of the control group [ (19.34 ± 1.64) points , (P < 0.05)]. The postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) incidence rate of the observation group was 16.4% (10/61), significantly lower than that of the control group [39.3% (24/61); P < 0.05]. Compared with before intervention, NSE and S-100β protein levels, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-TNF levels of the two groups increased (P < 0.05). Post-intervention NSE and S-100β protein levels, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-TNF levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dexmedetomidine combied electrical stimulation could effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative cognition, and reduce levels of NSA, S-100β, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.</p>

Reconstruction for knee dislocation with multiple ligaments injury at stage I / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical outcomes of tendon allograft reconstruction with arthroscopy minimally invasive technique at stage I for the treatment of knee dislocation with multiple ligaments injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight patients with knee dislocation were reconstructed anterior and posterior ligament under arthroscopy at stage I from January 2008 to January 2012, and repaired ligaments injury of knee joint by minimally invasive technique. There were 38 males and 10 females aged from 20 to 59 years old with an average of 35.6 years old; 22 cases on the left side and 26 cases on the right side; the time from injury to operation ranged from 2 d to 2 weeks. Two cases combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posterolateral complex injuries, 36 cases combined with ACL, PCL, and MCL injuries, 10 cases combined with ACL, PCL and PLC injuries; 4 cases combined with peroneal nerve injury. Lysholm scoring were used to compared the cases before operation and final following-up to evaluate knee function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of (18.2 ± 6.3) months. Activity and stability of joint were obviously improved. Lysholm score were improved from 40.3 ± 4.1 before operation to 87.0 ± 6.4 at final following-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Reconstruction with arthroscopy minimally invasive technique at stage I for the treatment of knee dislocation with multiple ligaments injury could recover stability of joint better,reserve joint function. Preoperative training and postoperative individualized rehabilitation treatment is the key point of recover knee joint function.</p>

Head dynamic response based on reconstruction of vehicle-pedestrian accidents with the video / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the relationship between the severity of pedestrian head injury and the impact speeds, the vehicle types and the impact positions in pedestrian-vehicle accidents by computer simulation based on the real accident video. Methods A pedestrian-traffic accident with the video was reconstructed by the MADYMO multi-body dynamics software to obtain the initial and boundary conditions. Experimental impact simulations were conducted on different vehicles (car, SUV and minibus) and pedestrian impact positions (front, side and back structure) by different speeds (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 km/h) to analyze head injuries, and the simulation results were validated by two real pedestrian-vehicle accidents. Results Not only the impact speed and the front structure influenced the pedestrian head injury severity, but also the impact position of pedestrian was an important factor. At the collision speed ≤30 km/h, the pedestrian head injury caused by the contact with the ground could be possibly more serious than the contact with the vehicle; while at the collision speed≥40 km/h, the pedestrian head injury was mainly caused by the contact with the vehicle. Conclusions The pedestrian traffic accident can be accurately reconstructed by using the real accident video to analyze the pedestrian head dynamic response. The severity of pedestrian head injuries can be effectively reduced by speed limitations on different types of vehicles at pedestrian traffic accident black-spots.

Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and putative cis-acting elements of a 4-coumarate: CoA ligase gene in bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis)

Background: 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) plays an important role at the divergence point from general phenylpropanoid metabolism to several branch pathways. Although 4CL sin higher plants have been extensively studied, little has known about the 4CL gene of bamboo. Results: In current study, a Na4CL gene putative encoding 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) and its 5’-flanking region were isolated from bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) by RACE-PCR and genomic DNA walker, respectively. Na4CL encodes a predicted protein of 557 amino acids, with conserved motifs of adenylate-forming enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Na4CL shared 62~85 percent identity with other known plant 4CLs, and cluster closely with some known 4CLs in monocots. Sequence analysis revealed conserved cis-acting elements (Box A and AC-II element) present in the Na4CL promoter. Additionally, a Na4CL RNAi construct was transformed into tobacco. Transgenic tobaccos displayed significant down-expression of endogenesis 4CL and reduced lignin contents. Conclusion: These results contribute to the knowledge of the presence of Na4CL gene and its possible role in phenylpropanoid metabolism.

Analysis of 86 fatal motorcycle frontal crashes in Chongqing, China / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the injuries of motorcyclists involved in fatal motorcycle frontal crashes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A survey group involving multi-discipline experts was built to randomly collect data on fatal motorcycle frontal collision accidents that occurred in Chongqing during 2006-2010. The sampled information included medical or autopsy reports, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level, helmet use, accident witness, field sketch as well as field photos. The motorcyclist injuries were scored according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2005. The involved riders with a BAC level larger than or equal to 20 mg/ml were attributed to alcohol use. Data were processed statistically with nonparametric test via software SPSS 11.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 86 fatal motorcycle frontal crashes were sampled and further analyzed. The age of motorcyclists enrolled in this investigation showed nominal distribution and the middle-aged (30-39 years) occupied the highest percentage of fatalities. There were only 14 motorcyclists (16.3%) wearing helmets at the moment of collision. And 12.8% of these motorcyclist crashes were attributable to alcohol use. Impact injury was the main fatal cause, accounting for 72% of motorcyclist deaths, followed by tumbling injury (26%) and run-over (2%). Respectively 84%, 22% and 19% of motorcyclists who sustained head, chest and abdominal trauma died. Extremity injury was the most frequently observed injury type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This investigation is helpful to build accident prevention programs and develop protection devices which may effectively mitigate injuries and prevent deaths following motorcycle frontal collision accidents. Further investigations on motorcycle collision accidents are still needed.</p>

Effects of CDH1 gene promoter methylation on expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin and its clinicopathological significance in colon carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between methylation of the CDH1 gene promoter on the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, and to evaluate the correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of the colonic carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to detect CDH1 gene promoter methylation in the cancer tissue, adjacent tissues and normal tissues in 68 patients. The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin was determined by immunohistochemistry staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of CDH1 gene promoter methylation was 32.4% in adjacent tissues and 57.4% in cancer tissue, while no detectable methylation was found in all the normal tissues. The difference was statistically significant. The positive rate of E-cadherin was 92.6% in the normal tissues, 66.2% in the adjacent tissues and 44.1% in the cancer tissues. In all normal tissues, β-catenin was expressed only at the cellular membrane but not in the cytosol or nucleus, while the expression of β-catenin was present in the cytosol or nucleus in 29.4% of the adjacent tissues and 50.0% of the cancer tissues. The positive rate of CDH1 gene promoter methylation was negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression(r=-0.312, P=0.01) and positively correlated with β-catenin cytosolic/nucleus expression(r=0.309, P=0.018). The differentiation and metastasis of colonic carcinoma were associated with the aberrant expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and methylation of CDH1 promoter (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CDH1 gene promoter methylation may lead to aberrant expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in colonic carcinoma, and may play an important role in promoting the invasion of tumor.</p>

Clinical observation of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and overactive bladder (OAB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2007 to May 2010, a total of 37 patients diagnosed BPH and OAB were treated by holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. After a mean follow-up of 4.9 months postoperatively, indices such as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume and video urodynamics were monitored and statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean preoperative IPSS and QOL score were 29.6 ± 5.2 and 4.3 ± 0.9, and decreased to 4.6 ± 1.2 and 1.2 ± 1.0 postoperative. The mean Qmax was (6 ± 3) ml/s preoperative and increased to (21 ± 5) ml/s postoperative. Preoperative average residual urine volume was (167 ± 11) ml, decreased to (41 ± 18) ml after operation. During follow-up, 86.5% patients' symptoms and quality of life improved continuously, however 13.5% patients existed residual postoperative OAB symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>When BPH with OAB patients exist bladder outlet obstruction, bladder outlet obstruction should be relieved first then OAB symptoms can be relieved in majority of patients, but some patients have residual symptoms.</p>

Expression, purification and activity determination of cyanovirin-N / 生物工程学报

Cyanovirin-N (CVN) is an 11 kDa anti-HIV protein originally isolated from extracts of a cyanobacterium, Nostoc ellipsosporum. The protein binds with high affinity to the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 and irreversibly inactivates diverse HIV strains. A fusion gene consisting of cvn, sumo and 6xHis tag was synthesized by PCR according to the codon bias of Escherichia coli. The fusion protein is expressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli in a soluble form and up to 28% of the total protein. The recombinant CVN was purified to homogeneity by 2 rounds of Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and one round of SUMO protease cleavage. Bioactivity assay demonstrated that SUMO-CVN and CVN bound to gp120 with nanomolar concentration. In addition, CVN showed potent anti-HSV-1 and anti-HIV-1 activities in in vitro cellular assays. Therefore, the 6xHis SUMO fusion expression and purification system provides a better approach for large scale production of CVN for further microbicide development.

Case-control studies on complex tibial plateau and posterior condylar fractures treated through combined anterior-posterior (small incision or micro-incision) approach / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effects of combined anterior-posterior (small incision or micro-incision) approach for complex tibial plateau and posterior condylar fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2000 to 2008, 79 patients (81 limbs) with complex tibial plateau and posterior condylar fractures were reviewed. There were 45 males and 34 females, ranging in age from 19 to 66 years, with an average of 40.6 years. Thirty-nine limbs were treated using small incision through combined anterior-posterior approach, in which 13 limbs were Schatzker type IV, 15 limbs were type V ,and 11 limbs were type VI. Other 42 limbs were treated using micro-incision through combined anterior-posterior approach, in which 18 limbs were Schatzker type IV, 16 limbs were type V, and 8 limbs were type VI. The Rasmussen scores for knee joint and radio scores were used to evaluate therapeutic effects after the treatment. The complications such as cutaneous necrosis and incision infection were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up. According to Rasmussen criterion, in small incision group, 16 limbs got an excellent result, 13 good, 7 fair and 3 bad; in micro-incision group,above data were 19, 11, 8 and 4 respectively. Comparison between the two groups, P = 0.924. Comparison of complications such as cutaneous necrosis and incision infection: in small incision group,10 limbs had the complications, and in micro-incision group were 4 limbs; the occurrence rate of small incision group were higher than that of micro-incision group (P = 0.047).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are no significant differences between the two groups in the knee joint function rehabilitation; however, there is smaller rate for cutaneous necrosis and incision infection in micro-incision group.</p>